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74 lines
2.9 KiB
Plaintext
74 lines
2.9 KiB
Plaintext
---
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tags: [printf, bash, zsh]
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---
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# printf
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The printf command accepts the following syntax:
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`printf [-v var] [format specifiers] [arguments]`
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- [-v var]
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The optional -v flag assigns the output to the [var]
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variable instead of printing it in standard output.
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- [format specifiers]
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Format specifiers are strings that determine the methods of
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formatting specifiers. The following section includes a
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list of accepted specifiers.
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- [arguments]
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Arguments can be any value or variable, and the [format specifiers]
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point to the [arguments]. If there are more arguments than format
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specifiers, the format string is reused until it interprets
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the last argument.
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If there are fewer format specifiers than arguments, number formats
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are set to zero (0), while string formats are set to null (empty).
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## printf Specifiers
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Format Description
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------ -----------
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%c Treat the arguments as a single character.
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%d Treat the input as a decimal (integer) number (base 10).
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%e Treats the input as an exponential floating-point number.
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%f Treat the input as a floating-point number.
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%i Treat the input as an integer number (base 10).
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%o Treats the input as an octal number (base 8).
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%s Treat the input as a string of characters.
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%u Treat the input as an unsigned decimal (integer) number.
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%x Treats the input as a hexadecimal number (base 16).
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%% Print a percent sign.
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%Wd Print the W integer X digits wide.
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%(format)T Outputs a date-time string resulting from using format as a
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format string for strftime. The corresponding argument can
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be the number of seconds since Epoch (January 1, 1970, 00:00),
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-1 (the current time), or -2 (shell startup time).
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Not specifying an argument uses the current time as the default value.
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\% Print a percent sign.
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\n Prints a newline character.
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\t Print a tab character.
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Some format specifiers accept format modifiers that modify their actions.
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Enter the modifiers between the % character and the character that
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specifies the format.
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Available format modifiers are:
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<N>. Enter a number that specifies a minimum field width.
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If the output text is shorter, it's padded with spaces.
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If the text is longer, the field expands.
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. (dot). When used with a field width modifier, the field doesn't
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expand for longer text. Instead, the text is truncated.
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-. Left-aligns the printed text. The default alignment is right.
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0. Pads the numbers with zeros instead of spaces.
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<space>. Pads a positive number with a space, and a negative
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number with a minus (-).
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+. Prints all numbers signed (+ for positive, - for negative).
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'. For decimal conversions, applies the thousands grouping
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separator to the integer portion of the output according
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to the current LC_NUMERIC file.
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